The Negative Effect Of Alcohol - 1625 Words

The negative effect of alcohol have been well documented and scientifically proven. The United States National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism reports that â€Å"1,825 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries.† furthermore â€Å"599,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 receive unintentional injuries while under the influence of alcohol.† These statistics show just how easy it is for young drinkers to abuse alcohol. Many young drinkers are aware of such statistics. Despite that they continue to consume alcohol. Perhaps we’ll never be able to completely eliminate drinking from our society, historically there have been attempts to ban alcohol in many countries, none of them ended successfully. In Lesson for a young drinker written by Tom Chiarella and in proper credentials are needed to join a poem written by Charles Bukowski, both authors choose to focus on those individuals who will d rink no matter what studies or the law say. Both writings have some things in common but they also have a lot in contrast. Both writers claimed to know how alcohol is mastered. However Chiarella claims that alcohol is mastered through observation and experimentation. Bukowski on the other hand claims to have mastered alcohol over many years and by making countless of mistakes. When we take a closer look at the authors backgrounds we can easily determine that Bukowski was never able to master alcohol therefore his poem is notShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Alcohol And Depression716 Words   |  3 Pageslifetime. (Unknown Author) What causes so many people in this world to suffer from depression? Alcohol abuse, death or loss of a loved one, and genetics are some of the key factors that lead to depression. Alcohol can be an addictive substance when abused. People who abuse alcohol are typically heavy drinkers who continue to drink regardless of the negative effects that it can have on their life. Abusing alcohol can cause or increase feelings of sadness or depression. For many people, bouts of depressionRead MorePositive And Negative Effects Of Drinking Alcohol1709 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no doubt that alcohol is a part of global culture. It acts as a stress reliever, entertainer and is used to stimulate happiness. It is also part of religions, cultures, social lives and even traditions. There are different opinions concerning the consumption of alcohol but it can be said that drinking alcohol has both positive and negative effects. Controversy may arise between opposing sides that those below the age of twenty-one are not responsible enough to drink however are allowed aRead MoreEssay about Negative Effects of Alcohol2229 Words   |  9 PagesNegative Effects of Alcohol Team Two University of Phoenix Negative Effects of Alcohol Many alcohol consumers only think about the positive effects of consuming alcohol, the pleasurable time they will have with their friends. Little do they know, about the negative effects alcohol carries with it. This research will discus the negative effects alcohol has regarding: addiction, genetics, health, family, and advertisement. â€Å"Alcohol addiction is a physiological dependence on alcohol† (NationalRead MoreNegative Effects of Alcohol - Problem Solving Argument Essay2559 Words   |  11 PagesThe Negative Effects of Alcohol Alcohol has many functions in society and bears important cultural, religious and symbolic meanings in most countries. However it is also a drug with many toxic effects and other dangers such as intoxication and dependence. It is a contributing element for injuries and harm, intentional and unintentional, not only to the individual drinker, but other people as well. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported figures from the Behavioral Risk Factor SurveillanceRead MoreEnergy drinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol priming and related negative consequences4173 Words   |  17 Pagesdrinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol priming and related negative consequences School of Social Science SLSY100: Psychology 100 Energy drinks mixed with alcohol: the interactive effects on risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and related negative consequences Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between risk-taking propensity; AmED use and the effects these variables had overall alcohol consumption and theRead MoreAlcoholism should be banned772 Words   |  4 PagesTASK 1 Topic: Alcohol consumption should be banned. Argue for or against the statement. Argument For Topic sentence: Alcohol consumption should be banned Supporting ideas: 1. Effects of alcohol abuse in your body 2. How does alcohol affect family life’s 3. The effects of drinking and driving Task 2 Rough draft In my personal opinion I am in favour of alcohol being banned. I am a victim of alcoholic parents , so I can relate to the difficulties that I was faced withRead MoreAlcohol Use, Abuse, And Related Accidents Among College Adults1412 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion: Alcohol uses among college students-What are the trends in alcohol use, abuse, and related accidents among college aged women versus men? Background National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines low risk drinking as less than 4 drinks in a day.1 On the other hand, binge drinking as a pattern of drinking makes blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level to 0.07h/dL. This level is typically reached after 4 drinks for women and 5 drinks for men in approximately 2 hours. DrinkingRead MoreAlcohol And Cannabis : The Second And Third Most Consumed Drugs Behind Tobacco For New Zealanders Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol and cannabis are the second and third most consumed drugs behind tobacco for New Zealanders (â€Å"National drug policy†, 2007). Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) exhibits the highest rate of cannabis use in the world, with 9.1-14.6% of the population aged 16-64 using cannabis. In conjunction, more than one third (males 38.5%, females 37.9%) of New Zealand youths aged 13-17 have smoked marijuana at least once, with 7.9% of males and 5.7% of females indicating weekly use (Watson, Clark, Spo rleRead MoreCorrelation Between Alcohol And Alcohol1477 Words   |  6 Pagesto alcohol. The less hours a person works per week the more they will be dependent on alcohol. On average, the individuals in the sample worked a low amount of hours a week (M = 11.31, SD = 14.9) and had a moderately low dependency on alcohol (M = 31.11, SD = 14.26). In addition, the confidence intervals looking at the amount of hours worked per week indicated that the participants continued to work low hours (95% CI = [8.96, 13.83]). Along with, both the upper and lower bounds of the alcohol decencyRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Drinking Alcohol On Children1219 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol has always been around in our lifetimes. If you enjoy it now then what if you had it at an earlier age? What if your parents allowed you to drink it? What if your children could drink it without any problems. Alcohol by itself is not dangerous at all if consumption is regulated and drinking responsibly. Each day, it s eems more and more incidents involving the influence of alcohol or being drunk are occurring more often. That creates a very negative image of alcohol, and minors could be educated

Essay on Prison and Treatment Alternatives - 1737 Words

Prison is a punishment given to someone who has broken the law. Prison term is given to an individual who has broken the law from doing so again and to discourage other people by his example. It has been used as a punishment in many countries for many years. The amount of criminals has never decreased; it has only increased through the years. In United States between 1992 and 1995, a 43 percent rise in marijuana arrests and other crime were accompanied by a considerably high increase in crime (Schlosser 90-102). Prisons does not solve the problem of crime (only in rare cases), instead it has just done the following three things according to criminologist Norval Morris and David Rothman: They provide a dumping ground for unwanted people,†¦show more content†¦The cost of incarceration in Canada is a large portion of 2 billion dollars per year (Griffiths 77). In Mother Jones magazine (July 2001) it says that since 1980, the money spending on prisons has grown six times faster than what has been spent on higher education. That is just two of the many facts about the cost of incarceration, but incarceration is not only about the offenders, it is also about the hiring of the 1000 new correctional officers announced in April 1998. The ratio of officers to prisoners in Canadian prisons has increased by 43 per every 100, making the cost go higher. The annual cost of supervising a convict on parole is 19 755 dollars per year (CSC, 2005). Putting America together, the country spent over 100 million dollars a day to jail individuals with serious drug and alcohol problems, plus 30 billion taxpayer dollars spent on incarcerate. These numbers never decrease, they only increase. In the year of 2000, United States alone used a drug-control budget that reached 18.4 billion dollars (Newsweek 2001 37-43). A new release of Obama Administration’s has requested 15.5 billion dollars for federal drug control (PRWEB April 2011). This was a high amount of money spent on controlling drug problems and incarceration. Instead of using all this money on the idea of imprisonment, they should use it on something that cost less and works more effectively; drug courtsShow MoreRelatedIs Drug Treatment a Viable Alternative to Prison Time? Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesPrisons and county jails are extremely over populated, so over populated that in some jails inmates are sleeping on the floors. According to Senator Jeanne Shaheen (From Senator Jeanne Shaheen: Prison Overcrowding, 2011), the federal prisons are currently 35 percent over their capacity. The overcrowding is costing the criminal justice system and taxpayers more money to transfer inmates to other facilities and in lawsuits brought by inmates against the prisons. With the prisons and county jailsRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Correctional System Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesPositive Alternatives to Incarceration It has been said â€Å"bad company corrupts good morals†. Parents sometimes use this phrase in hopes of keeping their children from hanging out with the wrong crowd. The prison system is no different. Locking up people in jail should be a consequence that most want to avoid thus decreasing the crime rate. In 1976, William Nagel found that incarceration did not stop criminals from committing crimes. In fact, if overcrowded prisons are increasing with more people beingRead MoreThe Failure Of The American Prison System1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Failure of the American Prison System The subject of prison evokes fearful and violent images seen in movies or on television; outdated clichà ©s consisting of men eating stale bread and drinking dirty water that are intended to repulse people and deter them from committing crimes and ending up in such a position. Unfortunately, the reality of the American prison system is just as troubling as the dated stereotypes surrounding it. Despite its success in keeping dangerous offenders off the streetsRead MoreAmerica Should Not Afford For Nonviolent Criminals Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesshelter, medical care, and treatment programs at the taxpayers expense? Community supervision programs that require offenders to work to support themselves and their families make better sense. In addition, offenders should pay supervision fees, restitution to victims and court costs. Further, offenders on community supervision could utilize to addiction treatment programs and mental health services to avoid re-offending. Community supe rvision offers an excellent alternative to the high cost of incarcerationRead MoreAlternative to Incarceration Intermediate Sanctions 1268 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Alternatives to incarceration have been explored in recent years due to the overcrowding in the correctional system. Intermediate sanctions is one of those alternatives. Intermediate sanctions have long way been used in the United States due to the benefits and options that it offers from saving money to reducing overcrowding but it does, however, have its unfortunate faults. There are many programs within intermediate sanctions that work and some that fall behind. IntermediateRead MoreEssay on Alternatives to Prison1677 Words   |  7 PagesAlternatives to Prison Prisons, facilities maintained for confining people convicted of committing crimes, were used to rehabilitate offenders while keeping them isolated from the community. The Quakers built the first prison in 1790 in order to seclude criminal offenders from society to think about their wrongdoing and to seek forgiveness in a kind, and spiritual environment. (Inciardi 497) Currently, there are three types of prisons within the Federal, State, and County governments. TheseRead More Nonviolent Offenders Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pagesnonviolent person into a violent one is to send them to prison,† says Harvard University criminologist James Gilligan. The American prison system takes nonviolent offenders and makes them live side-by-side with hardened killers. The very nature of prison, no matter people view it, produces an environment that is inevitably harmful to its residents. America locks up five times more of its population than any other nation in the world. Due to prison overcrowding, prisoners are currently sleeping on floorsRead MorePunishment Fails, Rehabilitation Works As defined in the dictionary, rehabilitation is the process600 Words   |  3 Pagesor being punished. Some of these alternatives to prisons include a combination of prison and probation, community-based programs, and diversion strategies. Many institutions are more likely to use alternatives because they save more money than the jails cost, they strengthen families and communities, and it has been proven that they have reduced crime. An example of a popular alternative for criminals is a drug court, which provides court-supervised drug treatments to offenders with substance abuseRead MorePrison Overcrowding Is A Serious Problem1448 Words   |  6 PagesPrison overcrowding is a result of the imprisonment of drug users and first time offenders of non-violent crimes. The number of people being incarcerated greatly outweighs the number of prisons across the country. Prison overcrowding is a serious problem because it can be dangerous to both prisoners and correction officers. When prisoners are forced to live in crowded situations, the possibility of violence is greater (Oliver 44). Issues such as assaults and rapes can occur when there is notRead More Community Based Corrections: Viable Alternative to Incarceration 1679 Words   |  7 Pagesdollars a day (Honarvar, 2010). The efficiency by which community corrections reduce cost, prison populations, and decreases this rate judges should disposition to these programs in lieu of incarceration (Honarvar, 2010). The state spends taxpayer money on building correctional facilities and staff to supervise offenders, while the research shows reduced recidivism rates when community service and other alternative methods of rehabilitation are used (Hovarvar, 2010). However, to maintain the balance

A New Social Contract for Health Care Insurance Costs Essay

A New Social Contract for Health Care Insurance Costs The new social contract between the health care system and employers, patients, and the government has given everyone involved some breathing room. They have provided a clearer picture of the costs of health care; however, it is evident that there is still work to be done regarding the transparency of complete and exact costs. For example; all hospitals have a price list called the chargemaster that includes nearly 20,000 health care procedures. The prices on this list are the prices that patients will most likely see on their bills; however, the terms are not standardized and many are bundled services that make it difficult to compare them with other institutions. It is obvious†¦show more content†¦This would level out the premium costs a little better than premium charges being based on the number of employees who work at a company. Flipping the script, I will now discuss my new social contract between the citizenry and the state. I certainly believe that the state should have some responsibility to help with health care costs; however, I also think citizens should take responsibility for themselves as well. For example; people who are employed should pay their share of the premium cost based on the amount they make per year, so if one employee brings home more than another, they should pay a higher share of the amount of their premium. Moreover, an employee making minimum wage should have some help from the state to pay part of their premium cost. Also, each individual’s last employer should continue to provide them with their same insurance plan until they find new employment. As far as State health insurance coverage such as the Medicaid and Medicare programs, they should continue to provide health coverage to the underprivileged and the elderly. In brief summary, the New Social Contract effort is about describing the problems we face, in this case, conflicts in the health care systems. Whether the cost of health care is not clearly seen by patients, or the costs of health care insurance is tooShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe Issue of the Affordable Care Act The affordable care act (ACA) or the Obama health care reform has been a topic of great concern in today’s health care. In March 23rd 2010 President Obama signed the health care legistration (Obama Care) into law. The passage of the law affected different many issues in the lives of Americans. Socially, it was a great law due to the facts that individuals that cannot afford health care would have access to health care regardless of preexisting conditions andRead MoreThe Effects Of National Health Care1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of National Health Care The adoption of national healthcare in America is having a profound effect on several American institutions such as government, workplace, and hospitals. This paper will explicate contrasting citizens’ social contract with the government before the passing of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the social contract they had with American citizens after the ACA was put into effect. Additionally, the paper will demonstrate the roles of zealots, disciples and the congregationRead MoreHealth Insurance And Social Insurance1375 Words   |  6 Pages Health Insurance One of the important insurance that a person should do is health insurance. Medical expenses are so much higher that every person cannot afford when they were suffering from major illness or an accident. Health insurance is a method or a way to pay medical expense in exchange for premiums. Simply health insurance is a contract between the insurance company and an individual or their sponsor. These insurances can be monthly, annually, or lifelongRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act879 Words   |  4 PagesAffordable Care Act, by definition, is â€Å"a social contract of health care solidarity through private ownership, markets, choice, and individual responsibility. While some might regard this contract as the unnatural union of opposites—solidarity on the one hand and markets, choice, and individual responsibility on the other,† (Baker 1579). The primary conflict that exists with PPACA is a segmented population of American businesses will have to increase spending to provide the health insurance, a programRead MoreFederal And State Legislature s Theory Of Medical Network Laws Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pagespatient and how do insurance companies determine network benefits for their beneficiaries. First, we will define the term â€Å"network† is used to describe the providers, that are. â€Å"Networking† becomes an issue of patient’s access to providers and the costs associated with seeing a provider outside their insurances’ network. The following are definitions that will be usefully in the discussion of this paper: 1) Member is an individual that holds the benefits of the health insurance. The health benefits thatRead MoreHistory Of Health Care During The United States Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Health Care in the US There are four evolutionary phases in healthcare. The first phase was the preindustrial era, which started in the middle 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. At this time, American medicine was not developing as fast as other countries; in Britain, France, and Germany, medical science and research was much more advanced than America. The postindustrial era began in the late 19th century, physicians in America were becoming more successful than othersRead MoreThe Palpable Symptoms Of Our Sick Health Care System Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesHEALTH CARE REFORMS The palpable symptoms of our â€Å"sick health care system† are described almost daily in popular print and broadcast media. Almost one of every six Americans have no health insurance, health care spending is escalating rapidly, administrative costs are excessive, and medical errors (including overuse and underuse of medications and procedures) are rampant. Less frequently discussed, but of fundamental importance, are systemic problems in the financing of health care and in the organizationRead MoreHealth Care Reform in Politics Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Reform in Politics Due to the upcoming presidential election, the two major political parties, and their candidates, have been focusing on the primary problems that the nation will face. Chief among those problems is the future of Medicare, the national health-insurance plan. Medicare was enacted in 1965, under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson, in order to provide health insurance for retired citizens and the disabled (Ryan). The Medicare program covers most people agedRead MoreAnalyzing Social Policy: Obama Care1099 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing a Social Policy: Obama Care In pursuit of social and economic justice in modern, capitalist societies, it is evident that ideology has played an important role. Yet, if we are determined to make any progress in this incredibly important effort, we have to try to transcend limitations imposed by ideology and political demagogy, and establish grounds from which to carry out a rational debate on some of the most important issues in our societies. One of the crucial issues of today, as seenRead MoreHealthcare History Of The United States1355 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone free health care? Millions of Americans have lost their health insurance. In Canada, and many countries in Europe, health insurance is guaranteed. Some experts here argue that universal health insurance can be successful. Other equally well qualified people counter that it would be too expensive or claim that the care would be poor. They believe that market forces will fix any shortcomings of the U.S. health care system. Health insurance in the United States is a relatively new phenomenon

Personal Statement Essay - 744 Words

Growing up as the son of a rural Iowa veterinarian, I got my first experience in a medical field while riding along with my dad on calls, and from an early age my interest was piqued. It was the first of multiple experiences that pointed me toward a career in physical therapy. In my elementary and junior high years, a couple of elderly neighbor ladies often called on me to help them with chores around their homes and yards. This is where I first discovered my love of working to help others. It was rewarding beyond any payment to know that I was helping them live independently a little longer, even if I was only playing a small part by doing their odd jobs. During this time, I also developed a passion for sports and physical activity,†¦show more content†¦Since that initial interest, I have been introduced to several of the many different career options in the PT field beyond working with osteopathic sports injuries. I have volunteered in both in-patient and out-patient clinics, and I have worked with patients from pediatrics to geriatrics. Through all of these experiences, I have come to appreciate the extreme breadth of avenues that one can choose as a physical therapist. Each experience has solidified my desire to enter the field myself. When I see the personal lives that are affected and improved because of physical therapy I want to be a part of this growing, challenging, and helping profession. I am no longer focused only the sports connection, but very open to all options, possibly leaning towards a future in neurological physical therapy. While I have grown in appreciation of physical therapy, my career-related expe riences have also helped me to grow personally. My approach to my education has changed, so I now benefit so much more from my coursework. While at one point in my life I cared most about my final grade in a class, I have come to the point where I concentrate first and foremost on learning the subject matter, especially when I can actually see the implications for my future career in physical therapy. I have also learned to appreciate the valueShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Personal Responsibility850 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal responsibility is holding you accountable for all your actions and decisions. Being personally responsible means you take ownership of what you do in and with your life. This means from the time you wake up until you go to bed at night, your life is your responsibility and yours alone. Your values, morals, and beliefs are all contributing factors in how you view being personally responsible. If you have been raised and taught to believe that you should consider your actions at all timesRead MoreJet Personal Statement Of Purpose Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pages JET Personal Statement of Purpose (SoP) Advice The Statement of Purpose is the part of the application which likely plays a huge part in any success. Take your time crafting the best Personal Statement you can. Your SoP should elaborate on the strengths you ve brought up in your application, and should refer to the traits JET is looking for. Provide brief anecdotes about experiences you ve listed in the application. Show some personality, give the interviewers a reason to remember you. Also, haveRead MorePersonal Statement : My Mission Statement1781 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Paper A personal mission statement is a philosophy or creed that one plans to follow in daily life. It is usually designed with positivity, purpose, and with personal goals for every aspect of life such as career, finances, etc. It also focuses on personality traits that one would like to possess and the accomplishments that one wants to achieve, both short-term and long term. It also houses the individuality of the person writing it. Every person writing a personal mission statement is will produceRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal Finance1607 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Finance Personal finance decision is a very important decision as it involves management of day-to-day finances of an individual or his family. Personal finance includes not only obtaining, budgeting, saving, and spending monetary resources over time but also taking into account various financial risks and future life events. It includes all activities which an individual is concerned about like investment, insurance, tax, debt servicing, mortgages etc. Financial planning involves analysingRead MorePersonal Statement On Personal Finance1724 Words   |  7 Pages Knowledge about personal finance is not always common knowledge and although money touches most modern homes, most parents don’t teach their kids about money either. It can be hard to find time in a busy schedule to figure out when and how to adjust your time to set up a proper budget so instead you just decide to live pay check to paycheck because it got your parents by and now it gets you by and that has just always work ed. One day you have to grow up and realize that those consequences ofRead MorePersonal Statement Of A Business993 Words   |  4 PagesWithout this depiction, business owners and accountants may settle on choices that have negative repercussions on their organizations financial standing. A balance sheet is one of a few noteworthy financial statements you can use to track spending and profit. Also called a statement of financial position, a balance sheet demonstrates what your organization claims and what it owes through the date recorded, as Accounting Coach expressed. It shows this data regarding your organization s advantagesRead MorePersonal Statement On Corporate Mission1961 Words   |  8 Pagesfunction, markets and competitive advantages; a short written statement of your business goals and philosophies. A mission statement defines what an organization is, why it exists, and its reason for being. At a minimum, your mission statement should define who your primary customers are, identify the products and services you produce, and describe the geographical location in which you operate. If you don t have a mission statement, create one by writing down in one sentence what the purpose ofRead MorePersonal Statement On Self Care1744 Words   |  7 Pagesto my Clients. I have learned that it’s easy to give recommendations on self-care; however it does not come that easy to follow those recommendations personally. Over the years with the help of wonderful supervisors, I have worked on a plan for my personal care, and have learned to discuss any transfers or counter transference issues that may arise. Within, this plan I have also discussed when I start to get caregivers fatigue, this not only includes when I feel that I am over working myself at workRead MorePersonal Statement On The American Dream899 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream is a well-known phrase. Working hard is the key to being blissful and successful. My personal â€Å"American Dream† is to be truly prosperous. True happiness for me would include fortunate marriage, my dream career, an impeccable house, and two healthy kids. I heard my aunt say this before and I agree wholeheartedly: â€Å"Everything good in life is worth working for†. In order to attain my American dream I have set goals for myself. My first goal is to have a blissful marriage. A trulyRead MorePersonal Statement On Leadership Activity1446 Words   |  6 Pagesperformed for my personal leadership lab was committing myself to personal training. For this Leadership final project, I personally trained two clients, totaling 4.5 hours. I performed these training sessions on the days of February 17, 20, and 24, 2016. I got into personal training around the time of this project’s beginning. My friend Thomas has been a personal trainer on the side for over a year. I have had a little over two years of workout experience, and he introduced me to the personal training

Stress, Dieting, and Periodontal Disease Free Essays

Christine Dursunian Principles of Dental Hygiene II Professor Willis Research Paper Stress, dieting and periodontal disease and to compromised systemic health. Stress, dieting, cultural diversity, foundation of health and periodontal disease: The average person would never think that all four of these topics would coincide with one another. They do, each affecting the other as stepping stones towards periodontal disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress, Dieting, and Periodontal Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now Periodontal disease, including periodontitis and gingivitis, are chronic, bacterial infections and inflammatory diseases affecting the periodontium (tissues that support the teeth). Periodontal diseases are the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. The periodontium is a complex, highly specialized, shock-absorbing and pressure-sensing system consisting of four interrelated tissues supporting the teeth: cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and junctional and sulcular epithelia (1). Periodontal disease can affect one or many teeth. It can also lead to progressive bone loss around teeth, which can lead to loosening and possible loss of the teeth if left untreated. There are many factors to periodontal disease that have been proven to be directly related to this growing disease, in certain populations and cultures that have been proven to stand out more than others. Through research and advanced studies with guidelines of evaluation, stress and dieting has been shown to be associated with periodontal disease(2). These additional factors involve diet, lifestyle, cultures, also including collective types of strains in ones everyday life. Periodontal disease is an infection of the tissues that support the teeth. These infections are associated with specific pathogenic bacteria that colonize the subgingival area. When the teeth are being supported by the gingiva; the gingiva does not attach to the tooth firmly as one might think. Part of the tooth’s anatomy consists of a shallow v-shaped gaped called the sulcus which exists between the tooth and the gingiva. Periodontal disease affects this gap causing the tissue supporting the tooth to break down. Periodontal disease transitions through different levels to become what it is. Research studies indicate that a specific set of guidelines during evaluation of the association of stress and periodontal disease are important. When proposing experimental approaches, specifically in psychosocial stress and periodontal disease; present studies and future experiments show the next six factors to be very useful. Periodontal disease is measured as unique disease outcome and should not be included in a composite index with other oral diseases(3). Validated instruments are assessed for stress, distress, and copying behaviors. These helpful instruments, validated by prior studies, also on the population for each applied for research. Indications of compliance with oral health organization system should measure at-risk behaviors. Including oral health behaviors such as preventive dental visits, regulations of oral hygiene regimens, and an assessment of plaque, gingivitis, and other existing disease. By rigorously establishing psychosocial factors such as stress distress, and coping behaviors are true risk factors for periodontal disease case studies and case-control series generate hypotheses (4). These hypotheses are over large cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies. Studies in which mechanisms of psychosocial stress or distress show the application of periodontal disease The necessity to show relationship and correlation of applying different assessments such as biochemical mediators of stress, immune functions, or neurological and endocrine alterations as well as behavioral changes are significant in these cases(5). Lastly are randomized controlled trial methodology, the intervention of studies using stress management to establish efficacy of modification of stress as modality of stress-associated disease. Managing these controlled trials allows to reduce stress or distress. Periodontal disease has been associated for years with risk factors such as oral environment, age, female hormones, family factors, smoking and nicotine, and diseases associated with periodontal disease. When discussing oral environment the first issue that comes to mind is lack of oral hygiene. Lack of oral hygiene encourages bacterial buildup and plaque formation, which puts the oral cavity into a very susceptible position for periodontal disease. Inadequate contoured restoration has also created rise to periodontal disease for its restorations of fillings and crowns. By poor dentistry the restorations help trap for debris and plaque because of its defect in contour. Anatomical tooth abnormalities are influential risk factors just as poor restorations would be, because of these abnormalities the teeth are not aligned in their natural state causing food particles to build up to the ladder of periodontal disease causing plaque and bacteria formation. Lastly would be the anatomy of the third molars, also known as the wisdom teeth. This tooth especially is a known to be a major breeding ground for bacteria, by reason of its location and patients finding difficulty reaching posteriorly to the mouth while brushing. Other studies of this particular tooth show the unique tissues surrounding this molar region has been destructed of the plaque formation and the tissue becoming more sensitive when the third molar is impacted, meaning when the tooth is wedged between another tooth and the jaw. Next commonly associated risk factor with periodontal disease is age. Another problem in aging, comes the increase of obtaining periodontal disease. Studies have shown that thirty percent of the adults in America have periodontal disease and mostly found in people over the age of seventy years old, eighty-six percent have periodontitis (6). Rare cases it has been shown for young adolescents who are subjected to this disease. Adding to this is family factors, periodontal disease often occurs to members of the same family. A mixture of factors belong to this title, such as intimacy, genetics and hygiene. A considerably important factor is smoking and nicotine. Being the most significant factor, causing bone loss and gingival recession and inflammation by reducing the amount of oxygen present in the gingiva tissue. When nicotine combines with oral bacteria, the production levels expectations are greater. Lastly are diseases associated with periodontal disease, such as diabetes, type one and two, osteoporosis, herpes related gingivitis, human immunodeficiency virus associated with gingivitis, autoimmune disease (7). Others diseases of genetic disorder are also at high risk for periodontitis. Contemporary conceptualization of the stress process supports the evaluation of stress at three levels. Stressors, moderating and mediating factors, and stress reactions. These three factors have emphasized the process and the unity stress can have on periodontal disease, including emotions and coping(8). These stress responses would be determined primarily by the process that makes personalized perception of a stress indicator or a threat to ones health. The aim of each study is to unfold influential factors such as personality traits, coping strategies, and experimentation of referenced information (9). The resolution of all studies suggested that depression, stress, and salivary cortisol are important correlates of periodontal disease. Therefore, it is likely that periodontitis is related to immunologic and behavioral changes related to psychologic states. Salivary cortisol seemed to have different associations with periodontal disease, because of the outcomes in models involving stress compared to models involved with depression. Periodontitis is indicated when addressing depression or stress. By strongly suggesting that stress, distress, and inadequate ways of handling difficult situations of coping are important risk indicators for periodontal disease. Furthermore, it is likely that systemic disease associated with periodontal disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery and osteoporosis may share psychosocial stress as a common risk factor. During these early beginnings of study and research, requirement for one to fully understand the molecular and cellular basis of the role of stress, and in turn these studies may lead to effective intervention strategies that minimize or negate stress as a contributor to periodontal disease. Research has also proven within certain limitations this systematic review showed a positive relationship between stress and psychosocial factors and periodontal disease. However, caution should be used when interpreting this review because the different methodologies used in the included studies may have an impact on the results of the reports. The difficulties inherent is isolating the variable of stress, the lack of a reliable standardize   psychological analysis to quantify and define most psychiatric disturbances, the individual ability of patients to cope with negative life events, and the different types and clinical parameters used to determine periodontal tissue breakdown may cat as a confounding biases and cause result distortion at several stages. lthough a positive relationship was observed between stress and periodontal disease, further representative research is need to determine the impact of stress and psychological factors as risk factors for periodontal disease. Reference: Ng SKS, Leung WK. A community study on the relationship between stress, coping, affective dispositions and periodontal attachment loss. Community Dental Oral Epi demiol 2006; 24: 252-66 Page RC, Kornman KS. The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction. Periodontol 2000 1997; 14 9-11 Robert J. Genco, Alex W. Ho, Jeffrey Kopman, Sara G. Grossel, Robert G. Dunford and Lisa A. Tedesco. Models to Evaluate the Role of Stress in Periodontal Disease. Department of Oral Biology, Periodontal Disease Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo. Vol. 3, No 1, 288-302 July 1998. Amy E. Rosania, Kathryn G. Low, Cherly M. McCormick, and David A. Rosania. Stress, Depression, Cortisol, and Periodontal Disease. Department of Psychology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME. Volume 80, Number 2:260-266 February 2009. Breivik T, Thrane PS, Murison R, Gijermo P. Emotional stress effects on immunity, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Eur J Oral Sci 1996; 104:327-334 Green LW, Tyron WW, Marks B, Juryun J. Periodontal disease as a function of life-events stress. J Human Stress 1986;12:32-6 Annsofi Johannsen, Gunnar Rylander, Birgitta Soder, and Marie Asberg. Dental Plaque, Gingival Inflammation, and Elevated Levels of Interleukin-6 and Cortisol in Gingival Crevicular Fluid From Women with stress-related Depression and Exhaustion. Volume 77 – November 8 2006; 77:1403-1409 Genco RJ, Ho AW, Grossi SG, Dunford RG, Tedesco LA. Relationship of stress distress and inadequate coping behaviors to periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1999;70;711-23 Daiane C. Peruzzo, Bruno B. Benatti, Glaucia M. B. Ambrosano, Getullo R. Nogueria-Fiho, Enilson A. Sallum, Marcio Z. Casati, and Franciso H. Nociti Jr. A Systematic Review of Stress and Psychological Factors as Possible Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease. Volume 78- Number 8. 2007;78:1491-1504 Kaufman E, Lamster IB. Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis- A review. J Clin Periodontal 2000; 27: 453-465 Arowojolu MO, Onyeaso CO, Dosumu EB, Idaboh GK. Effect on academic stress on periodontal health 2006;29:9-13 How to cite Stress, Dieting, and Periodontal Disease, Essay examples

Wireless Networking Concept for Authentication Code Protocol

Question: Discuss about theWireless Networking Concept for Authentication Code Protocol. Answer: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) refers to the movement of systems to long mile remote broadband access (Biagioni et al., 2016). It gives both point-to-point and multipoint applications. WiMax uses three data encryption measures for guaranteeing the data and information. WiMax uses Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) for encrypting progress on framework Bajracharya Rawat, 2016). It uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to transmit data securely. Triple DES Triple DES was proposed to implement principal Data Encryption Standard (DES) estimation hackers finally understands how to vanquish effectively. The individual keys used by Triple DES are of 56 bits each. The approximate key length is 168 bits; regardless, researchers would argue that 112-bits in key quality is similar to it. Triple DES still understands to influence a demonstrated data encryption to react in due request in regards to money related organization and particular attempts. AES The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is figuring trusted as standard by the U.S. Government and diverse affiliations. Eventually, it is an exceptional degree proficient in 128-piece plot. AES uses keys of 192 and 256 bits for huge duty encryption purposes (Weng et al., 2017). AES is observed as suitable to all attacks, beside savage power, that helps in maintaining messages by using every considerable blend in the 128, 192, or 256-piece figure. In any case, security risks accept that AES will finally be hailed certified standard for encoding information in private part. RSA RSA is open key encryption estimation and standard for encrypting information transmitted over the internet. The key is open thing that is used to encrypt message, and private key to disentangle it. The two instances of WPAN headways are Bluetooth and Zigbee. There are diverse security challenges in the Bluetooth devices and development. There are diverse attacks against protection and information respectability (McCann Montemurro, 2017). Bluetooth does not give local client affirmation. The acquisition of the Bluetooth contraption is not done that causes express lead of other related devices. Bluejacking causes data breach from the Bluetooth enabled PDAs. The assailant starts the bluejacking by sending false message to the phones (Jelenkovic, Tosic Seskar, 2016). These navigate messages and phishing mail makes hurt the phones. Bluesnarfing is a hazard to this advancement that empowers the aggressors to fabricate the use of the Bluetooth engaged devices. It looks for the IMEI number of the Bluetooth devices. ZigBee is a remote correspondence with low power and low-rate that hopes to give cryptographic keys to security. The association between the two devices is kept up by the security convention of the ZigBee. There are distinctive physical strikes on the ZigBee radio concerning the repeat break (Ponniah, Hu Kumar, 2017). Shaikh, Faisal Karim, and Sherali Zeadally. "Energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks: A comprehensive review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (2016): 1041-1054. This paper deals with the gathering of consequences in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN contain immense number of static sensor center points those associates in low getting ready. There are distinctive significant advantages for the WSNs including Radio Frequency-based imperativeness gathering, Solar-based essentialness gathering, Thermal-based Energy Harvesting and Flow-based essentialness procuring. There are distinctive techniques discussed in the paper for the essentialness gathering. As argued by Wolisz (2016), the essentialness gathering structure may make hurt the ecological alter of the nature. The gathering from different sources causes utilization of the benefits in the earth. Wolisz, (2016) argued that log persisting contraptions eats up more battery and causes essentialness draining. Ulukus, Sennur, et al. "Energy harvesting wireless communications: A review of recent advances." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 33.3 (2015): 360-381. This paper discusses the new advances executed in the energy harvesting division. As commented by Fontes et al., (2017), the new advances in the energy harvesting gathering have changed the standard circumstance of essentialness harvesting. Wolisz, (2016) argued that the usage of the propelled methodologies in the imperativeness gathering have extends the hidden cost of various essentialness sources and besides debilitating the natural resources. Diverse conditions and hypotheses discussed in the paper that uses the traditional thought of essentialness assembling and changing over it into current advancement (Ponniah, Hu Kumar, 2017). References Biagioni, E., Giordano, S., Luo, X., Camp, T., Tian, T. (2016). Social and mobile solutions in ad hoc and sensor networking [Series Editorial].IEEE Communications Magazine,54(7), 100-101. Kusano, M., Figueira, E., Bird, R., Van Hoof, N. (2017).U.S. Patent No. D794,019. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. McCann, S., Montemurro, M. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,572,030. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Ponniah, J., Hu, Y. C., Kumar, P. R. (2017). A Clean Slate Approach to Secure Ad Hoc Wireless Networking-Open Unsynchronized Networks.IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems,4(1), 37-48. Bajracharya, C., Rawat, D. B. (2016, January). Opportunistic spectrum access enabled heterogeneous wireless networking for smart grid. InConsumer Communications Networking Conference (CCNC), 2016 13th IEEE Annual(pp. 793-797). IEEE. Jelenkovic, F., Tosic, M., Seskar, I. (2016, May). A semantic approach to wireless networking testbed infrastructure. InModeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), 2016 14th International Symposium on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Wolisz, A. (2016, November). Keynote-Intelligent Adaptive Management in Local Wireless Networking. InLocal Computer Networks (LCN), 2016 IEEE 41st Conference on(pp. xxxiii-xxxiii). IEEE. Weng, S., Zhai, D., Yang, X., Hu, X. (2017, January). A ZigBee wireless networking for remote sensing applications in hydrological monitoring system. InSeventh International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering(pp. 103221W-103221W). International Society for Optics and Photonics.